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== 참고문헌 == 1. Adolfsson J. Watchful waiting and active surveillance: the current position. BJU Int 2008;102(1):10-4. 2. Iversen P, Madsen PO, Corle DK. Radical prostatectomy versus expectant treatment for early carcinoma of the prostate. Twenty-three year follow-up of a prospective randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl.1995;172:65-72. 3. Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, et al. 10-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2016;375(15):1415-24. 4. Wilt TJ, Jones KM, Barry MJ, et al. Follow-up of Prostatectomy versus Observation for Early Prostate Cancer.N Engl J Med 2017;377(2):132-42. 5. Wilt TJ. The Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial: VA/NCI/AHRQ Cooperative Studies Program #407 (PIVOT): design and baseline results of a randomized controlled trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting for men with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2012;2012(45):184-90. 6. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Garmo H, et al. Radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2014;370(10):932-42. 7. Bul M, van den Bergh RC, Zhu X, et al. Outcomes of initially expectantly managed patients with low or intermediate risk screen-detected localized prostate cancer. BJU Int 2012;110(11):1672-7. 8. Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up N Engl J Med 2012;366(11):981-90. 9. Aizer AA, Chen MH, Hattangadi J, D’Amico AV. Initial management of prostate-specific antigen-detected, low-risk prostate cancer and the risk of death from prostate cancer. BJU Int 2014;113(1):43-50. 10. Haffty BG, Lawton CA, Sandler H. Watchful Waiting-Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2015;1(5):688-9. 11. Weiner AB, Patel SG, Etzioni R, Eggener SE. National trends in the management of low and intermediate risk prostate cancer in the United States. The Journal of Urology 2015;193(1):95-102. 12. Tward J BL, Shrieve D. Definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer: time and geographic trends—2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(suppl 7):abstr 132. 13. Klotz L, Emberton M. Management of low risk prostate cancer: active surveillance and focal therapy. Curr Opin Urol 2014;24(3):270-9. 14. Loeb S, Berglund A, Stattin P. Population based study of use and determinants of active surveillance and watchful waiting for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer. The Journal of Urology 2013;190(5):1742-9. 15. Kim SP, Gross CP, Nguyen PL, et al. Perceptions of Active Surveillance and Treatment Recommendations for Low-risk Prostate Cancer: Results from a National Survey of Radiation Oncologists and Urologists. Medical Care 2014;52(7):579-85. 16. Tosoian JJ, JohnBull E, Trock BJ, et al. Pathological outcomes in men with low risk and very low risk prostate cancer: implications on the practice of active surveillance. The Journal of Urology 2013;190(4):1218-22. 17. Herden J, Weissbach L. Utilization of Active Surveillance and Watchful Waiting for localized prostate cancer in the daily practice. World J Urol 2018. 18. Sierra PS, Damodaran S, Jarrard D. Clinical and pathologic factors predicting reclassification in active surveillance cohorts. Int Braz J Urol 2018;44. 19. Hussein AA, Welty CJ, Ameli N, et al. Untreated Gleason Grade Progression on Serial Biopsies during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance: Clinical Course and Pathological Outcomes. The Journal of Urology 2015;194(1):85-90. 20. Basu A, Gore JL. Are Elderly Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Overtreated? Exploring Heterogeneity in Survival Effects. Medical Care 2015;53(1):79-86. 21. Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2016;375(15):1425-37.
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