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*인간유두종바이러스 (human papillomavirus, HPV) 감염에 의해 일어나는 양성 항문생식기사마귀 (warts)

*90% 이상 대부분 HPV 6형 또는 11형과 관련있다.<ref name="Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type.">Gross G, Ikenberg H, Gissmann L, et al. Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type. J Invest Dermatol 1985;85:147-52.</ref>

*눈에 보이는 사마귀를 가진 환자들은 발암성 고위험 HPV 16형, 18형과 동시에 감염되었을 수 있으며, 이들은 상피내암(intraepithelial neoplasia, IN)과 항문생식기암과 연관된 무증상 병변을 일으킬 수 있다.<ref name="Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type.">Gross G, Ikenberg H, Gissmann L, et al. Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type. J Invest Dermatol 1985;85:147-52.</ref><ref name="Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections and genital neoplasia.">Syrjänen K, Syrjänen S. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections and genital neoplasia. Scand J Infect Suppl 1990;60:7-17. </ref><ref name="Long-term consequences of genital HPV infections in women">Syrjänen KJ. Long-term consequences of genital HPV infections in women. Ann Med 1992;24:233-45. </ref>

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<ref name="Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer.">Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;348:518-527. </ref>