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! colspan="4" |Distant metastasis (M)
 
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| colspan="3" |M criteria
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2019년 5월 23일 (목) 08:29 판

약어집

Abbreviation  a key to Abbreviations
ABR Absolute bed rest
AGP Antegrade pyelography
A-line Arterial line
Anti. Antibiotics
ARF Acute renal failure
BM Bone marrow
BR Bed rest
BST Blood sugar test
BT Bleeding time
BWt Body weight 
Bx Biopsy
C-line Central line
CRF Chronic renal failure
CrCl  Creatinine clearance
CVP Central venous pressure
DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation
D-J Double-J catheter
E' Electrolyte
FBS Fasting blood glucose
FFP Fresh frozen plasma
F/U Follow up
G.O Gas out
Hb  Hemoglobin 
Hct Hematocrit
HD Hemodialysis
H/S Hartman solution
HTN Hypertension 
I/O Input/Output
IV Intravenous
LD Liquid diet
LFT Liver function test
L-tube Levin tube
NRD Normal regular diet
N/S Normal saline
OP Operation
OSM Osmolarity
P/C Platelet concentrate
PCA Patient-controlled analgesia
PCN Percutaneous nephrostomy
PFT Pulmonary function test
PO By mouth, orally 
POD Post-operative day
PSA  Prostate specific antigen
PT Prothrombin time
qd Once daily
RGP Retrograde pyelography
SD Soft diet
SOW Seeps of water
TD Tolerable diet
TPN Total parenteral nutrition
TURB  Transurethral resection of bladder
TURP Transurethral resection of prostate
U.O Urine output
USG Ultrasonography
V/S Vital sign
W/B Whole blood
W/U Work up 

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Kidney cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

T category T criteria
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
T1 Tumor ≤7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T1a Tumor ≤4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T1b Tumor >4 cm but ≤7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T2 Tumor >7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T2a Tumor >7 cm but ≤10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T2b Tumor >10 cm, limited to the kidney
T3 Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia
T3a Tumor extends into the renal vein or its segmental branches, or invades the pelvicalyceal system, or invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia
T3b Tumor extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm 
T3c Tumor extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava
T4 Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland)
Regional lymph nodes (N)
N category N criteria
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in regional lymph node(s)
Distant metastasis (M)
M category M criteria
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
Prognostic stage groups
When T is...  And N is... And M is...  Then the stage group is... 
T1 N0 M0 I
T1 N1 M0 III
T2 N0 M0 II
T2 N1 M0 III
T3 NX, N0 M0 III
T3 N1 M0 III
T4 Any N M0 IV
Any T Any N M1 IV

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

T category T criteria
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Ta Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
Tis Urothelial carcinoma in situ: "Flat tumor"
T1 Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue)
T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria
pT2a Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half)
pT2b Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half)
T3 Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue
pT3a Microscopically
pT3b Macroscopically (extravesical mass)
T4 Extravesical tumor directly invades any of the following: Prostatic stroma, seminal vesicles, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, abdominal wall
T4a Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina
T4b Extravesical tumor invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall
Regional lymph nodes (N)
N category N criteria
NX Lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No lymph node metastasis
N1  Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node)
N2 Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis)
N3 Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes
Distant metastasis (M)
M category M criteria
M0 No distant metastasis
M1  Distant metastasis
M1a Distant metastasis limited to lymph nodes beyond the common iliacs
M1b  Non-lymph-node distant metastases
Prognostic stage groups
When T is...  And N is...  And M is...  Then the stage group is...
Ta N0 M0 0a
Tis N0 M0 0is
T1 N0 M0 I
T2a N0 M0 II
T3a, T3b, T4a N0 M0 IIIA
T1-T4a N1 M0 IIIA
T1-T4a N2, N3 M0 IIIB
T4b Any N M0 IVA
Any T Any N M1a IVA
Any T Any N M1b IVB

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Bladder cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

T category T criteria
TX  Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Ta Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
Tis Urothelial carcinoma in situ: "Flat tumor"
T1 Tumor invades lamina propria (subepithelial connective tissue)
T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria
pT2a Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half)
pT2b Tumor invades deep muscularis propria (outer half)
T3 Tumor invades perivesical soft tissue
pT3a Microscopically
pT3b Macroscopically (extravesical mass)
T4 Extravesical tumor directly invades any of the following: Prostatic stroma, seminal vesicles, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, abdominal wall
T4a Extravesical tumor invades directly into prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina
T4b Extravesical tumor invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall
Regional lymph nodes (N)
N category N criteria
NX Lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No lymph node metastasis
N1 Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node
N2 Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node metastasis)
N3 Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes
Distant metastasis (M)
M category M criteria
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
M1a Distant metastasis limited to lymph nodes beyond the common iliacs
M1b Non-lymph-node distant metastases
Prognostic stage groups
When T is... And N is... And M is... Then the stage group is...
Ta N0 M0 0a
Tis N0 M0 0is
T1 N0 M0 I
T2a N0 M0 II
T2b N0 M0 II
T3a, T3b, T4a N0 M0 IIIA
T1-T4a N1 M0 IIIA
T1-T4a N2, N3 M0 IIIB
T4b Any N M0 IVA
Any T Any N M1a IVA
Any T Any N M1b IVB

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Prostate cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

Clinical T (cT)
T category T criteria
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
T1 Clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable
T1a Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected
T1b Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected
T1c Tumor identified by needle biopsy found in one or both sides, but not palpable
T2 Tumor is palpable and confined within prostate
T2a Tumor involves one-half of one side or less
T2b Tumor involves more than one-half of one side but not both sides
T2c Tumor involves both sides
T3 Extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures
T3a Extraprostatic extension (unilateral or bilateral)
T3b Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s
T4 Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall
Pathological T (pT)
T category T criteria
T2 Organ confined
T3 Extraprostatic extension
T3a Extraprostatic extension (unilateral or bilateral) or microscopic invasion of bladder neck
T3b Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s)
T4 Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall
NOTE: There is no pathological T1 classification. NOTE: Positive surgical margin should be indicated by an R1 descriptor, indicating residual microscopic disease.
Regional lymph nodes (N)
N category N criteria
NX Regional nodes were not assessed
N0 No positive regional nodes
N1 Metastases in regional node(s
Distant metastasis (M)
M1a Nonregional lymph node(s)
M1b Bone(s)
M1c Other site(s) with or without bone disease
NOTE: When more than one site of metastasis is present, the most advanced category is used. M1c is most advanced.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
PSA values are used to assign this category.
PSA values
<10
≥10 <20
<20
≥20
Any value
Histologic grade group (G)
Recently, the Gleason system has been compressed into so-called Grade Groups.
Grade Group Gleason score Gleason pattern
1 ≤6 ≤3+3
2 7 3+4
3 7 4+3
4 8 4+4, 3+5, 5+3
5 9 or 10 4+5, 5+4, or 5+5

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Testicular cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

Clinical T (cT)
cT category cT criteria
cTX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
cT0 No evidence of primary tumor
cTis Germ cell neoplasia in situ
cT4 Tumor invades scrotum with or without vascular/lymphatic invasion
NOTE: Except for Tis confirmed by biopsy and T4, the extent of the primary tumor is classified by radical orchiectomy. TX may be used for other categories for clinical staging.
Pathological T (pT)
pT category pT criteria
pTX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
pT0 No evidence of primary tumor
pTis Germ cell neoplasia in situ
pT1 Tumor limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) without lymphovascular invasion
pT1a* Tumor smaller than 3 cm in size
pT1b*  Tumor 3 cm or larger in size
pT2 Tumor limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) with lymphovascular invasion or Tumor invading hilar soft tissue or epididymis or penetrating visceral mesothelial layer covering the external surface of tunica albuginea with or without lymphovascular invasion
pT3 Tumor invades spermatic cord with or without lymphovascular invasion
pT4 Tumor invades scrotum with or without lymphovascular invasion
* Subclassification of pT1 applies only to pure seminoma.
Regional lymph nodes (N)
Clinical N (cN)
cN category cN criteria
cNX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
cN0 No regional lymph node metastasis
cN1 Metastases with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension or Multiple lymph nodes, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension
cN2 Metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension or Multiple lymph nodes, any one mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension
cN3 Metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension
Pathological N (pN)
pN category pN criteria
pNX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
pN0 No regional lymph node metastasis
pN1 Metastasis with a lymph node mass 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and less than or equal to five nodes positive, none larger than 2 cm in greatest dimension
pN2 Metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or more than more than five nodes positive, none larger than 5 cm; or evidence of extranodal extension of tumor
pN3 Metastasis with a lymph node mass larger than 5 cm in greatest dimension
Distant metastasis (M)
M category M criteria
M0 No distant metastases
M1 Distant metastases
M1a Non-retroperitoneal nodal or pulmonary metastases
M1b Non-pulmonary visceral metastases
Serum markers (S)
S category S criteria
SX Marker studies not available or not performed
S0 Marker study levels within normal limits
S1 LDH <1.5 x N¶ and hCG (mIU/mL) <5000 and AFP (ng/mL) <1000
S2 LDH 1.5-10 x N¶ or hCG (mIU/mL) 5000-50,000 or AFP (ng/ mL) 1000-10,000
S3 LDH >10 x N¶ or hCG (mIU/mL) >50,000 or AFP (ng/mL) >10,000
¶ N indicates the upper limit of normal for the LDH assay

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; AFP: alphafetoprotein.

Urethral cancer TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

T category T criteria

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Cancer of the penis TNM staging AJCC UICC 2017

Primary tumor (T)

T category T criteria

TNM: tumor, node, metastasis; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control; ENE: extranodal extension.

실험실검사 참조수치

TABLE 1. Hematology and Coagulation

TABLE 2. Clinical Chemistry and Immunology

TABLE 3. Classification of LDL, Total, and HDL Cholesterol

TABLE 4. Urine Analysis and Renal Function Tests

TABLE 5. Body Fluids and Other Mass Data

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